德国：斯图加特竹景观

今年由斯图加特ICD和ITKE的学生和研究人员设计和建造的研究馆的灵感来自水蜘蛛的水下巢穴竹结构。与之前从 ICD-ITKE 车间出来的展馆一样，这个轻型临时结构是使用巨大的机械臂在柔性模板上编织纤维复合材料建造的，但这一次，临时模板成为结构的优雅部分.

Designed and built this year by students and researchers at ICD and ITKE in Stuttgart, the research house was inspired by the underwater nest structure of water spiders. Like the previous pavilion that emerged from the ICD-ITKE workshop, the lightweight temporary structure was built using huge robotic arms woven fibrous composite materials on flexible formwork, but this time the temporary formwork became an elegant part of the structure.

每次需要空气时，它们都会进入气泡。气泡是一种稳定的竹结构，可以承受机械应力和强大的水流。水蜘蛛一生中的大部分时间都在水下度过。它们没有鳃，但它们的呼吸方式确实很整洁。

Every time air is needed, it goes into the bubble. A bubble is a stable structure that can withstand mechanical stresses and strong currents. Water spiders spend most of their lives underwater. They don’t have gills, but they do have a neat breathing pattern.

他们通过在水面上旋转网来构建一个增强气泡，并收集气泡以从下面填充它。

They build an enhanced bubble by spinning the net over the water and collecting bubbles to fill it from below.

学生和研究人员团队决定将这种自适应制造策略转化为竹建筑。对于以前的展馆，一旦材料硬化，团队就会拆除模板，但这一次，模板成为最终结构的一部分。工业机器人被放置在由 ETFE 制成的空气支撑膜外壳内。

A team of students and researchers decided to translate this adaptive manufacturing strategy into architecture. For previous pavilions, the team removed the formwork once the material hardened, but this time the formwork became part of the final structure. The industrial robot is housed inside an air-supported membrane shell made of ETFE.

这种充气软壳最初由气压支撑，但通过用碳纤维自动加固内部，它逐渐变硬成自支撑结构。

The inflatable soft shell is initially supported by air pressure, but by automatically reinforcing the interior with carbon fiber, it gradually hardens into a self-supporting structure.

在制造过程中，皮肤的逐渐硬化通过嵌入式传感器系统记录下来，并实时集成到机器人控制中。

The gradual hardening of the skin during manufacturing is recorded by an embedded sensor system that is integrated into the control of the robot in real time.